Match Striker
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Match Striker
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Staff and students at universities were ideal candidates to sell crested match strikers to. These were large organizations, with a relatively rapid turnover of personnel, all of whom could be expected to be proud of where they had been and more than willing to advertise the fact with a crested item as a useful souvenir. Crested match strikers could also have been sold to the University itself for use in bars, smoking rooms etc. The University of Aberdeen The University of Aberdeen was founded in 1495 by William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen and Chancellor of Scotland. He established King's College in order to train doctors, teachers and clergy for the communities of northern Scotland, and lawyers and administrators to serve the Scottish Crown. In 1593, a second University was founded in Aberdeen by George Keith, fourth Earl Marischal, and the two universities continued to operate separately with Arts and Divinity taught at King's and Law and Medicine at Marischal until they merged in 1860. In 1892 all faculties were opened to women.  The University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge can trace its roots back to 1209 when scholars taking refuge from hostile townsmen in Oxford settled in Cambridge. By 1226 the scholars had set up an organization, headed by the Chancellor, which organized regular courses of study. By 1231 King Henry III had become involved to protect the the scholars and students from exploitation by the townsfolk (with whom there was significant friction). Today Cambridge is one of the largest Universities in the United Kingdom, and is rightly world famous for the advances discovered by its researches and the quality of teaching it offers.     Colleges of the University of Cambridge Unlike many Universities, Cambridge is made up of 31 semi-independent colleges, the oldest of which is Peterhouse (or St. Peters) founded in 1284 by Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, and the most recent Robertson College founded in 1979. Colleges nominated the University Proctors from among their members for the annual term of office. College heads often served with the Vice-Chancellor and senior doctors as members of an advisory council which was soon to be called the Caput Senatus. From the sixteenth century until almost the end of the twentieth, the Head of one of the Colleges always held the office of Vice-Chancellor. Clare College
was founded in 1326 (it is the second oldest college) and endowed
with money and land by Lady Elizabeth de Clare (Lady de Burgh), a
granddaughter of King Edward I a few years later. It later obtained a
royal charter from King Edward III in 1336 who granted license
‘to his cousin Elizabeth de Burgo’ to establish a
collegium. In 1972, Clare was one of three Cambridge colleges to admit
undergraduate women thus becoming a co-educational establishment.
 Corpus Christi College was founded in 1352 by one of the Cambridge town Guilds, the Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed
Virgin Mary (it is the only College in
Cambridge or Oxford founded town it is situated in). It first admitted women students in 1983.
 Downing College
under the terms of the will of Sir George Downing, 3rd Baronet. He had
inherited the money so used from the 1st Baronet, also Sir George
Downing who had died in 1749 leaving the
family fortune to his cousin, Sir Jacob Downing. The terms of the will
stated that if he died without heir,the money would pass to three
cousins in succession and finally if they also died without issue, the
estates were to be used to found a college at Cambridge called Downing.
When Sir Jacob died in 1764. Downing should have been begun h (as the
named heirs had also died) however Sir Jacob's widow, Margaret
and subsequently her second husband and the son of her sister, refused
to give up the estates. Sir George's legal heirs had to take costly and
prolonged court action to enforce the terms of the will and finally
George III granted Downing a Royal Charter in 1800.
 Emmanuel College was founded in 1584 by Sir Walter Mildmay (who had been Chancellor of the Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth I) on the site of a former Dominican priory.
He envisioned it as a place where Protestant Ministers could receive
excellent training and learning, however student with other career goal
were also accepted as members of the college. Emmanuel first admitted women in 1979.
 Fitzwilliam College can trace its origins back to 1869 when the
Non-Collegiate Students Board, from which Fitzwilliam gradually evolved
was set up in order to increase the numbers of residence students
at Cambridge (and Oxford) and to reduce the costs of a University
education. Membership of the Board was drawn from the Colleges (despite
initial resistance to the non-collegiate nature of the organization),
with a Censor as its sole executive officer. Due to the nature of
Cambridge University members rapidly began to think of themselves as a
college, and campaigned for recognition of this status, which was
finally granted in 1966. Women were first admitted to Fitzwilliam in
1978.
  Gonville & Caius College was originally founded as Gonville Hall in 1348 by Edmund
Gonville, Rector of Terrington, then further consolidated by his
executor William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich in 1353. Eventually
the college went into decline and was then re-founded and extended in
1557 by a former student and Fellow, Dr John Caius (who had Latinised
the spelling of his original surname Keys, to Caius, while retaining
the original pronunciation whilst living in Italy).
    Jesus College was
founded in 1496 by John Alcock, Bishop of Ely upon the site of a
twelfth century Benedictine nunnery which he arranged to suppress.
The nunnery buildings providing a venue for then new college, and it's
chapel (Jesus Chapel) eventually gave its name to the college itself
which had originally be known as 'The College of the Blessed Virgin
Mary, Saint John the Evangelist and the glorious Virgin Saint Radegund,
near Cambridge'. Letters patent for the new college were were
obtained from King Henry VII. The College first decided to admit women
in 1974, with the first undergraduates arriving in 1979.
 
Kings College
was founded by King Henry VI in 1441 exclusively for the use of
scholars drawn from Eton College (the school he had founded near
Windsor Castle). The scholarships were restricted to Etonians until the
middle of the sixteenth century when those from other schools were
first admitted. Women were admitted to Kings from 1970, with the first
Undergraduates arriving in 1972.
  Magdelene College (more formally known as
The College of St Mary Magdalene) was founded in 1428 by Abbot
Lytlington of Crowland Abbey near Peterborough in order for Benedictine
monks coming from from the Fenlands to study Canon Law at the
University. Letters Patent were granted for this by King Henry VI.
   Pembroke College was founded by a woman, Mary
de St Pol, daughter of Guy de Chatillon and wife of Aymer de Valence,
Earl of Pembroke in 1347. The license for the foundation of the college
were granted to her by King Edward III. The building of the college
chapel (the first in Cambridge) also required the grant of a Papal Bull.
 Peterhouse founded in 1284 by Hugo de Balsham, Bishop of Ely is both the oldest college (although it is traditionally refered to simply as Peterhouse) in Cambridge and the smallest (with the exception of those Colleges only open to Graduates & Mature students).  Queens' College has a slightly complicated history. In 1446 Andrew Dokett obtained a Charter from King Henry VI to found St Bernard's College, however this was revoked the next year, a second charter was then applied for however King Henry VI wife Margaret of Anjou petitioned her husband to have the foundation and naming of the new college. This was then granted in 1448. The college was later adopted by a second Queen on England, Elizabeth Woodville, wife of King Edward IV.  St Catherine's College  St. Johns College owes its existence to Lady
Margaret Beaufort mother of King Henry VII who died in 1509. She had
been in the process of creating a a seminary from the ancient
hospital of St John the Evangelist in Cambridge which dated back to the
twelfth century. Upon her death her executors continued with her work
and St Johns College foundation charter was granted in 1511, the
College initially focusing on liberal arts, theology , and the biblical
languages.
   Selwyn College is named in honor of the first Bishop of New Zealand and later Bishop of Lichfield, George Augustus Selwyn.
The College crest incorporates the Selwyn family arms and those of the
Diocese of Lichfield. Preparations for the College were begun in 1879
when the founding committee were organized and land purchases, and
building commenced in 1880. The Memorial Committee petitioned the Queen for a Charter of Incorporation,
which was granted on 13 September 1882, and the college opened in that year.
  Trinity College was founded by King
Henry VIII in 1546 at the very end of his life, in order to produce an
institution capable of producing leaders for his new reformed church.
The college was formed by the amalgamation of two older
institutions, King's Hall which had been created by King Edward II in
1317 and subsequently refounded by King Edward III in 1337, and
Michaelhouse founded in 1324 by Hervey de Standon (Chancellor of the
Exchequer to Edward II). Trinity College was much richer, than it's two
component parts, the king having granted it substantial extra lands and
endowments (some of which derived from monasteries he had dissolved).
      Trinity Hall was founded
in 1350 by the eighteenth Bishop of Norwich, William Bateman 'for the
promotion of divine worship and of canon and civil science and
direction of the commonwealth and especially of our church and diocese
of Norwich'. This sentiment may reflect the loss of a substantial
number of clergy during the period of the Black Death. Trinity
Hall retains its original name as it was unable to replace 'Hall' with
'College' (as had become fashionable) as King Henry VIII had already
created Trinity College.
     The University of London is a federal university which was established by Royal Charter in 1936. Today it is composed of 20 self-governing Colleges, each of which is responsible for its own admission, together with the School of Advanced Study which is composed of ten postgraduate research institutes. Imperial College, London derives from a complex series of mergers. This began in with the merger of Royal College of Science, the City and Guilds College and the Royal School of Mines in 1907. St Mary's Hospital Medical School became part of the college in 1988 and the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995. Next Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School merged with the College in 1997 to form, with the existing departments on the St Mary's and Royal Brompton campuses, the Imperial College Faculty of Medicine. Finally in 2000 Wye College (becoming Imperial College Wye campus) and the The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology (becoming a division of the Faculty of Medicine) were added.  The University of Oxford the oldest university in the English-speaking world, with over nine centuries of teaching experience. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when King Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.  Colleges of the University of Oxford Rioting between townsfolk and students in the 13th century led to the establishment of primitive halls of residence which later developed into Colleges. Today the University is made up of 39 self-governing colleges the oldest of which, Balliol and Merton Colleges were established between 1249 and 1264, and seven Permanent Private Halls (founded by different Christian denominations). Christ Church College was originally founded by Cardinal Wolsey as Cardinal's College in 1524 on the site of St. Frideswide's Monastery which Wolsey suppressed to fund the college. King Henry VIII re-founded the College in 1546 after Wolseys death and fall from power. He also appointed the old monastery church (now part of the College) as the cathedral of the new diocese of Oxford. Women have been admitted since 1980.  Exeter College  Jesus College directly replaced one of the original Oxford halls, White Hall which had existed since the 13th century. Jesus itself came into existence by Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I in 1571 thanks to the efforts of a group of Oxford- and Cambridge-educated lawyers and clergy. The College was intended to provide education for future members of the Clergy.  Pembroke College can trace its roots back to Broadgates Hall one of the early University residences, catering to Law students. The Halls transformation into Pembroke college was due to the generosity of Thomas Tesdale (a merchant from Abingdon) and Richard Wightwick (a Berkshire clergyman). King James I signed the letters patent to creating the Pembroke college which was named after the third Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain and Chancellor of the University. Initially the college was intended to provide places at Oxford for boys from Abingdon School, although, of course it now accept students from across the world.  The Queen's College was founded by Robert de Eglesfield (chaplain to King Edward III's wife Philippa in whose honor it is named) in 1341. A new charter was later granted to the College by Queen Elizabeth I in 1584. Traditionally the female consort of the reigning or former king serves as Patroness of the College. Originally the College was intended to show preference to students from Cumberland and Westmorland, and later on this became a monopoly, although today a much wider intake is accepted.   Trinity College was founded by the Catholic Sir Thomas Pope in 1555 to ensure his family was always remembered in the prayers of it's members. The site chosen was that of a monastic institution, Durham College. Originally the fellows of Trinity College were to be unmarried and take Holy Orders, however times have changed, and the college is now co-educational, women having first been admitted to Trinity College in 1979.  |
